| Jacksonville Beach, Florida | |
|---|---|
| — City — | |
| Images from top, left to right: Jacksonville Beach Pier, Casa Marina Hotel, Freebird Live, condos, statue in front of the City Hall, Lynch's Irish Pub, Sea Walk Pavilion, Jacksonville Beach City Hall | |
| Location in Duval County and the state of Florida | |
| Coordinates: | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Florida |
| County | Duval |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Fland Sharp |
| Area | |
| • City | 22 sq mi (56.9 km2) |
| • Land | 7.7 sq mi (19.9 km2) |
| • Water | 14.3 sq mi (37 km2) |
| Elevation | 10 ft (3 m) |
| Population (2010) | |
| • City | 21,362 |
| • Density | 2,774.3/sq mi (7,185.4/km2) |
| • Metro | 1,345,596 |
| Time zone | Eastern (EST) (UTC-5) |
| • Summer (DST) | EDT (UTC-4) |
| ZIP codes | 32227, 32240, 32250 |
| Area code(s) | 904 |
| FIPS code | 12-35050[1] |
| GNIS feature ID | 0284697[2] |
Jacksonville Beach is a city on the Atlantic coast of Duval County, Florida, east of Jacksonville. It is part of the Jacksonville Beaches community, together with Mayport, Atlantic Beach, Neptune Beach, and Ponte Vedra Beach. When the city of Jacksonville consolidated with Duval County in 1968, Jacksonville Beach, together with Atlantic Beach, Neptune Beach, and Baldwin, voted to retain their own municipal governments. The population was 21,362 at the 2010 census.
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Like most of northeast Florida, the Jacksonville Beach area was originally inhabited by the Timucua peoples. Though the Jacksonville Beaches region was one of the first parts of what is now the continental United States to see settlement during the period of European colonization, the area of Jacksonville Beach itself was not settled until the 19th century.
In the late 19th century, developers began to see the potential in Duval County's oceanfront as a resort. In 1883 a group of investors formed the Jacksonville and Atlantic Railroad with the intention of developing a resort community that would be connected to Jacksonville by rail. The first settlers were William Edward Scull, a civil engineer and surveyor, and his wife Eleanor Kennedy Scull. They lived in a tent two blocks east of Pablo Historical Park. A second tent was the general store and post office. On August 22, 1884 Mrs. Scull was appointed postmaster. mail was dispatched by horse and buggy up the beach to Mayport, and from there to Jacksonville by steamer. The Sculls built the first house in 1884 on their tent site. The settlement was named ruby for their first daughter. On May 13, 1886 the town was renamed Pablo Beach. [3] In 1885, the San Pablo Diego Beach Land Co. sold town lots ranging from $50 to $100 each along with 5 to 10 acres (2.0 to 4.0 ha) lots from $10 to $20 per acre within 3 miles (4.8 km) of the new seaside resort “Pablo Beach”.[4] In September 1892, work on the wagon road to Pablo Beach was begun, with convicted labor. The editor of the Jacksonville Evening Telegram published that it was hoped the county commissioners would improve the road and not leave it merely as an opening cut through the woods. [5]
The Spanish–American War broke out in 1898.
The 3rd Nebraska, arrived July 22, 1898 for training and embarkation. They encamped at Pablo Beach. They were led by three-time presidential candidate, William Jennings Bryan.[6]
On August 2, the Convalescent Hospital was opened at Pablo Beach.[5]
The first officers of the town of Pablo in June 1907 were appointed by the governor: Mayor, H.M Shockley; treasurer, J. Denham Bird; clerk, G. W. Wilkerson; city Council, J.E Dickerson, E.E Willard, William Wilkerson, E.E. Suskind, Alexander Stephens, W.H Shutter, C.M. Greiner, T.H Griffith, C. H Mann.[5]
Life-saving Station No 1 at Pablo Beach was established by the U.S. Life-savings Corps on April 6, 1913. Service comprised 19 volunteers equipped with the surf boat "patrol" and life lines. Moving pictures were taken of the ceremonies.[5]
On April 9, 1914, fire, originating in the Pablo hotel destroyed the hotel along with 11 other houses in the heart of town. On October 31, 1915, 10 dwellings were destroyed by fire.[5]
On February 24, 1921, Lt. Wm. DeVoe Coney, in a transcontinental flight from San Diego California, landed at Pablo Beach, having made the flight in 22 hours and 17 minutes, beating the old record, set two years earlier, by 3 hours and 32 minutes.[5] Coney's record was soon eclipsed on September 5, 1922 by Jimmy Doolittle piloting a De Havilland DH-4 biplane from Pablo Beach to San Diego in an elapsed time of 22 hours and 35 minutes.[7]
On June 15, 1925, the name was changed to Jacksonville Beach.[3]
Backlit from lights from Jacksonville, German submarine U-123 was able to target and sink the SS Gulfamerica on April 10, 1942, early in World War II. It was several months before the federal government understood the necessity for blacking out coastal cities at night.
In 1968 most residents of Duval County voted to approve consolidation between the county and the City of Jacksonville. Jacksonville Beach, together with Atlantic Beach, Neptune Beach, and the Westside community of Baldwin voted to retain their own municipal governments. As such they are not part of the City of Jacksonville, but receive county-level services from Jacksonville, and vote for Jacksonville's mayor and City Council. The current mayor is Fland Sharp.[8]
Jacksonville Beach is the largest town in the Jacksonville Beaches community. It is the eastern terminus of U.S. Route 90, which ends at an intersections with State Road A1A three blocks from the Atlantic Ocean.
Jacksonville Beach is located at (30.284091, -81.396074)[9].
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 22.0 square miles (57 km2). 7.7 square miles (20 km2) of it is land and 14.3 square miles (37 km2) of it (65.03%) is water.
Jacksonville Beach has a humid subtropical climate.
| Climate data for Jacksonville Beach | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 85 (29) |
90 (32) |
94 (34) |
94 (34) |
97 (36) |
102 (39) |
103 (39) |
102 (39) |
98 (37) |
95 (35) |
89 (32) |
85 (29) |
103 (39) |
| Average high °F (°C) | 63.5 (17.5) |
64.7 (18.2) |
70.0 (21.1) |
75.8 (24.3) |
81.8 (27.7) |
86.7 (30.4) |
89.3 (31.8) |
88.0 (31.1) |
85.2 (29.6) |
79.0 (26.1) |
71.9 (22.2) |
65.4 (18.6) |
76.78 (24.88) |
| Average low °F (°C) | 45.6 (7.6) |
47.5 (8.6) |
52.9 (11.6) |
58.7 (14.8) |
65.8 (18.8) |
71.6 (22.0) |
73.5 (23.1) |
73.8 (23.2) |
72.5 (22.5) |
64.9 (18.3) |
56.3 (13.5) |
48.6 (9.2) |
60.98 (16.10) |
| Record low °F (°C) | 14 (−10) |
21 (−6) |
24 (−4) |
37 (3) |
47 (8) |
55 (13) |
57 (14) |
63 (17) |
53 (12) |
38 (3) |
25 (−4) |
15 (−9) |
14 (−10) |
| Rainfall inches (mm) | 3.56 (90.4) |
2.84 (72.1) |
3.92 (99.6) |
2.87 (72.9) |
3.03 (77) |
5.70 (144.8) |
5.21 (132.3) |
6.11 (155.2) |
7.53 (191.3) |
5.04 (128) |
2.36 (59.9) |
2.75 (69.9) |
50.92 (1,293.4) |
| Avg. rainy days (≥ 0.01 in) | 8.7 | 7.5 | 7.9 | 5.8 | 7.5 | 11.5 | 10.9 | 12.0 | 12.2 | 8.8 | 7.2 | 8.4 | 108.4 |
| Source: NOAA (normals, 1971-2000)[10] | |||||||||||||
As of the census[1] of 2000, there were 20,990 people, 9,715 households, and 5,207 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,732.3 inhabitants per square mile (1,055.2/km²). There were 10,775 housing units at an average density of 1,402.6 per square mile (541.7/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 90.94% White, 4.82% African American, 0.27% Native American, 1.63% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.79% from other races, and 1.51% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.99% of the population. There were 9,715 households out of which 21.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.5% were married couples living together, 9.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.4% were non-families. 34.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.13 and the average family size was 2.78.
In the city the population was spread out with 18.0% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 35.6% from 25 to 44, 24.7% from 45 to 64, and 13.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 100.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.7 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $46,922, and the median income for a family was $58,388 (these figures had risen to $62,897 and $80,054 respectively as of a 2007 estimate[11]). Males had a median income of $36,385 versus $30,055 for females. The per capita income for the city was $27,467. About 4.2% of families and 7.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.2% of those under age 18 and 7.0% of those age 65 or over.
Jacksonville Beach is a separate municipality within the consolidated city of Jacksonville. As such, it has its own city manager, city council, and mayor, but it is subject to county-level governance by Jacksonville. In 2008, Fland Sharp was re-elected to a four year term as mayor.
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